How Do Digital Clocks Work?

• A source of power to run the clock In a pendulum clock, the weights or the springs handle this role.
• An accurate timebase that acts as the clock's heartbeat In a pendulum clock, the pendulum and escapement handle this role.
• A way to gear down the timebase to extract different components of time (hours, minutes, seconds) In a pendulum clock, gears serve this role.
• A way to display the time In a pendulum clock, the hands and face serve this role.

A digital clock is no different. It simply handles these functions electronically rather than mechanically. So in a digital clock, there is an electrical power supply (either a battery or 120-volt AC power from the wall). There is an electronic timebase that "ticks" at some known and accurate rate. There is an electronic "gearing mechanism" of some sort - generally a digital clock handles gearing with a component called a "counter." And there is a display, usually either LEDs (light emitting diodes) or an LCD (liquid crystal display).